Learn how to talk about borrowing and lending things
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Mohammad: Hello listeners, I'm Mohammad. |
| Brandon: And I'm Brandon, hi everyone and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Absolute Beginner, season 1, lesson 24 - "Can I Borrow Your Persian Book?" In this lesson you’ll learn how to borrow or lend things using Persian phrases. |
| Mohammad: We’ll be listening to a conversation that takes place in a library. |
| Brandon: This conversation is between a librarian and a library member. |
| Mohammad: And that's why they'll be using formal language. |
| Brandon: So, are you ready? |
| Let's listen to the conversation! |
| عضو کتابخانه:ببخشید، چند تا کتاب می تونم قرض بگیرم؟ |
| (Ozve ketaabkhaaneh:bebakhshid, chand taa ketaab mitoonam qarz begiram?) |
| کتابدار:هر بار سه تا کتاب. |
| (Ketabdar:har baar se taa ketaab.) |
| عضو کتابخانه:کِی باید برگردونم؟ |
| (Ozve ketabkhaneh:key baayad bargardoonam?) |
| کتابدار:بعد از دو هفته. |
| (Ketabdar:ba'd az do hafte.) |
| عضو کتابخانه:امکان تمدید وجود داره؟ |
| (Ozve ketabkhaneh:emkaan-e tamdid vojood daare?) |
| کتابدار:بله، می تونید تلفنی تمدید کنید. |
| (Ketabdar:bale, mitoonid telefoni tamdid konid.) |
| Let's hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| عضو کتابخانه:ببخشید، چند تا کتاب می تونم قرض بگیرم؟ |
| (Ozve ketaabkhaaneh:bebakhshid, chand taa ketaab mitoonam qarz begiram?) |
| کتابدار:هر بار سه تا کتاب. |
| (Ketabdar:har baar se taa ketaab.) |
| عضو کتابخانه:کِی باید برگردونم؟ |
| (Ozve ketabkhaneh:key baayad bargardoonam?) |
| کتابدار:بعد از دو هفته. |
| (Ketabdar:ba'd az do hafte.) |
| عضو کتابخانه:امکان تمدید وجود داره؟ |
| (Ozve ketabkhaneh:emkaan-e tamdid vojood daare?) |
| کتابدار:بله، می تونید تلفنی تمدید کنید. |
| (Ketabdar:bale, mitoonid telefoni tamdid konid.) |
| Now, let's hear it with the English translation. |
| عضو کتابخانه:ببخشید، چند تا کتاب می تونم قرض بگیرم؟ |
| (Ozve ketaabkhaaneh:bebakhshid, chand taa ketaab mitoonam qarz begiram?) |
| Member:Excuse me, how many books can I borrow? |
| کتابدار:هر بار سه تا کتاب. |
| (Ketabdar:har baar se taa ketaab.) |
| Librarian:Three books each time. |
| عضو کتابخانه:کِی باید برگردونم؟ |
| (Ozve ketabkhaneh:key baayad bargardoonam?) |
| Member:When do I have to return them? |
| کتابدار:بعد از دو هفته. |
| (Ketabdar:ba'd az do hafte.) |
| Librarian:After two weeks. |
| عضو کتابخانه:امکان تمدید وجود داره؟ |
| (Ozve ketabkhaneh:emkaan-e tamdid vojood daare?) |
| Member:Is an extension possible? |
| کتابدار:بله، می تونید تلفنی تمدید کنید. |
| (Ketabdar:bale, mitoonid telefoni tamdid konid.) |
| Librarian:Yes, you can extend the time by phone. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: So, are there any special events in Iran, that are somehow related to books? |
| Mohammad: Yes. There's an "International Book Fair" held in Tehran once a year, which is very popular among Iranians. |
| Brandon: How long does it last each time? |
| Mohammad: It's usually between one or two weeks, and it's held in the same place every year. |
| Brandon: How many people go? |
| Mohammad: Well, it's in a very big space that has outdoor and indoor halls, because thousands of people go along. |
| Brandon: Are there books of all genres? |
| Mohammad: Yes, there are books on a wide variety of subjects, including sciences, arts, and linguistics. There are also books for kids. |
| Brandon: Can you buy the books too? |
| Mohammad: Yes, definitely! |
| Brandon: So it must be very crowded then? |
| Mohammad: It gets really crowded sometimes, with people of all ages and nationalities. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Ok, now let's move on to the vocabulary. |
| Let's take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word we shall see is |
| عضو (ozv) |
| "member" |
| عضو (ozv) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| عضو (ozv) |
| Next, |
| کتابخانه (ketaabkhaane) |
| "library" |
| کتابخانه (ketaabkhaane) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| کتابخانه (ketaabkhaane) |
| Next, |
| کتاب (ketaab) |
| "book" |
| کتاب (ketaab) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| کتاب (ketaab) |
| Next, |
| قرض گرفتن (gharz gereftan) |
| "to borrow" |
| قرض گرفتن (gharz gereftan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| قرض گرفتن (gharz gereftan) |
| Next, |
| هر بار (har baar) |
| "each time" |
| هر بار (har baar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| هر بار (har baar) |
| Next, |
| کِی (kei) |
| "when?" |
| کِی (kei) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| کِی (kei) |
| Next, |
| برگردوندن (bargardoondan) |
| "to return" |
| برگردوندن (bargardoondan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| برگردوندن (bargardoondan) |
| Next, |
| تمدید کردن (tamdid kardan) |
| "to extend" |
| تمدید کردن (tamdid kardan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| تمدید کردن (tamdid kardan) |
| Next, |
| امکان ... وجود دارد (emkaane…vojood daarad) |
| "is...possible?" |
| امکان ... وجود دارد (emkaane…vojood daarad) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| امکان ... وجود دارد (emkaane…vojood daarad) |
| Next, |
| تلفنی (telefoni) |
| "by phone" |
| تلفنی (telefoni) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| تلفنی (telefoni) |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Mohammad, "When" are we going to master Persian? |
| Mohammad: That's our first word! "When"! Which is "key," "Key." |
| Brandon: Is it only used to ask "When"? |
| Mohammad: Yes. As in "When do we go?", but not for "When or whenever we go." |
| Brandon: Alright, can we use other phrases instead? Like for example, "What time"? |
| Mohammad: Yes. That's "che vaqt" or "che moqe'." They're used for the same meaning. |
| Brandon: And how do you answer those? |
| Mohammad: By saying the time or date, for example, "maah-e digar" meaning "next month," or "bezoodi," meaning "soon." |
| Brandon: Okay. What’s our next word? |
| Mohammad: "telephoni." It means "by phone." |
| Brandon: "Telephone" is the international word for "phone," and you add "i." Does adding "i" always make anything mean "by it"? |
| Mohammad: Yes. Whenever we add "i" to a noun, it becomes an adjective showing "by it." |
| Brandon: Are there any other phrases that mean "by phone"? |
| Mohammad: Yes. For example "bevasileye telefon" or "az tariqe telefon," which means "through the phone." |
| Brandon: And which one is used the most? |
| Mohammad: I would say "telefoni," since it's the easiest and shortest one. |
| Brandon: So everyone, it's "Telephoni"! |
| Mohammad: "telefoni" (pause) "telefoni." |
| Brandon: Alright listeners. Finally, we have a phrase for you. |
| Mohammad: It's "Emkaan-e...vojud daarad?" |
| Brandon: Which means "Is something possible?" Let's break it down as usual. |
| Mohammad: "emkaan" means "possibility," and "e" means "of." |
| Brandon: Next we add the word we want to ask about, right? |
| Mohammad: Yes. And the verb is at the end as usual, and it’s "exists" or in Persian "vojood daarad?". |
| Brandon: So it becomes "Does the possibility of.[something]..exist?" |
| Mohammad: Yes, or in short, "Is.[something]..possible?" It's the same as saying "mitoonam?," or "Can I?" but more politely. |
| Brandon: Okay, so one more time, can you repeat it for our listeners? |
| Mohammad: "emkaan-e.[something]..vojood daarad?" (pause). |
| Brandon: Great! Now let’s move on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to talk about borrowing and lending things. How do you say "to borrow" in Persian? |
| Mohammad: You say "qarz gereftan" or "qarz kardan." |
| Brandon: And how about "to lend"? |
| Mohammad: It's "qarz dadan." |
| Brandon: The word "qarz" is repeated in all of them. What does it mean? |
| Mohammad: That's right. It means "debt." |
| Brandon: So what's the different point of each phrase? |
| Mohammad: It's the second verb. For "borrowing" it's "gereftan" or "kardan," meaning "to take" or "to do." And for "lending," it's "daadan" meaning "to give." |
| Brandon: "To take debt" and "to give debt", right? |
| Mohammad: Yes "qarz gereftan" and "qarz daadan." |
| Brandon: Are there any words with the same meaning? |
| Mohammad: Yes. Instead, you can use the word "amaanat" with somewhat the same meaning, in the same order. |
| Brandon: I see. For example, say "Can I borrow?" with both. |
| Mohammad: "mitoonam qarz begiram?" or "mitoonam amaanat begiram?" |
| Brandon: That's great! Now as a continuation, what other words are used to complete the process of "lending" and "borrowing"? |
| Mohammad: Such as...for example, "to return"? |
| Brandon: Exactly! How do you say "to return" in Persian? |
| Mohammad: It's "bargardoondan." |
| Brandon: For example, let's say "I return the book." |
| Mohammad: "ketaab ro barmigardoonam." |
| Brandon: Great. Now, in case we want to keep the book for a little longer, how can we extend it? |
| Mohammad: Oh, we'll say "tamdid konam," the conditional form of "tamdid kardan" or "to extend." |
| Brandon: Is that the whole question? |
| Mohammad: No, actually it's "mitoonam tamdid konam?," or "Can I extend?" |
| Brandon: And, to say "Is an extension possible?" like we had in the vocabulary? |
| Mohammad: Then it's "emkaane tamdid vojood daare?" |
| Brandon: I see. It changes a little bit every time. |
| Mohammad: That's right. That’s because we have to use verbs in their suitable tenses. |
| Brandon: And how do we understand which is suitable? |
| Mohammad: It depends on what their pronoun is. |
| Brandon: So you judge the verb by their pronouns in a sentence. |
| Mohammad: Yes. If it's "you," then we say "ketaab raa qarz migiri?" or "tamdid mikoni?". |
| Brandon: And last but not least, our object in this sentence is? |
| Mohammad: It's "ketaab" or "book," since the borrowing is done to it. |
| Brandon: And we add "raa" and the verb right? |
| Mohammad: Yes. As we learned before, if we know the book, we add "raa." If it's "any book," we don't need "raa." |
| Brandon: Ok. Let's have one last example. Say "I return the book I borrowed." |
| Mohammad: "ketaabi ke qarz gereftam ro barmigardoonam." |
| Brandon: Wow! That's long! |
| Mohammad: Practice is the key! |
| Brandon: That's right. So listeners, do you want any books? |
| Mohammad: There are some good libraries in Iran! |
| Brandon: All you need is to master these words. |
| Mohammad: Good luck, everyone! |
Outro |
| Brandon: And that’s all for this lesson. Thanks for listening, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Mohammad: Goodbye. "khodaahaafez." |
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