Learn how to use the imperative form
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 11 - Getting Groceries in Iran. John here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the imperative form: Want + to (main verb). The conversation takes place at a supermarket. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Mr. Ahmadi and Shirin Hedayat. |
| John: The speakers are family members; therefore, they’ll speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| شیرین هدایت: این برنج خیلی خوبیه (خوبی است) پنج کیلو بگیریم؟ |
| آقای احمدی: می خوای(می خواهی) بیشتر بگیریم؟ |
| شیرین هدایت: نه فعلاً پنج کیلو بسه (بس است) کیلویی نه هزار و پونصد (پانصد) تومنه (تومان است). |
| آقای احمدی: گرونه (گران است). |
| شیرین هدایت: شیر یادم رفت. |
| آقای احمدی: من می رم(می روم) می‌‌آرم(می آورم). |
| شیرین هدایت: تاریخ انقضاش رو (انقضایش را) حتماً چک کن. |
| آقای احمدی: باشه (باشد). |
| شیرین هدایت: فقط شیر کم چربی بیار (بیاور). |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| شیرین هدایت: این برنج خیلی خوبیه (خوبی است) پنج کیلو بگیریم؟ |
| آقای احمدی: می خوای(می خواهی) بیشتر بگیریم؟ |
| شیرین هدایت: نه فعلاً پنج کیلو بسه (بس است) کیلویی نه هزار و پونصد (پانصد) تومنه (تومان است). |
| آقای احمدی: گرونه (گران است). |
| شیرین هدایت: شیر یادم رفت. |
| آقای احمدی: من می رم(می روم) می‌‌آرم(می آورم). |
| شیرین هدایت: تاریخ انقضاش رو (انقضایش را) حتماً چک کن. |
| آقای احمدی: باشه (باشد). |
| شیرین هدایت: فقط شیر کم چربی بیار (بیاور). |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Shirin Hedayat: It's very good rice! Let's get five kilos. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: Do you want to get more? |
| Shirin Hedayat: No, 5 kilos will do for now! It's 9500 Tomans a kilo! |
| Mr. Ahmadi: Pricey. |
| Shirin Hedayat: I forgot the milk. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: I'll go get it. |
| Shirin Hedayat: Make sure to check the expiration date. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: Ok. |
| Shirin Hedayat: Just bring low-fat milk. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Mehrnaz, what are Iran’s staple foods? |
| Mehrnaz: In Iran, rice and bread are the most commonly eaten foods. |
| John: I didn’t know that Iran also consumes bread. |
| Mehrnaz: There are various kinds of bread that people eat with breakfast. For example, a typical, simple breakfast is sweetened black tea with bread. The bread might be lavash, which is thin flat bread, or sangak, which is bread cooked over hot stones, with cheese. |
| John: When do people eat rice? |
| Mehrnaz: For lunch, rice is a must. A typical lunch is long grain rice with saffron or zereshk (barberry) and a lamb meat stew, lamb kebab, chicken kebab, or fish with a salty yogurt drink, pickles, salads, and herbs. |
| John: I see. So what do you usually have for dinner? |
| Mehrnaz: Dinner is lighter than lunch, but still it can be eaten with rice or bread, but in smaller quantities. However, remember that Iran is a large country, so people from different regions have different diets. |
| John: Oh okay. Does Iran have a national food or dish? |
| Mehrnaz: Without any doubt "Cholo Kabab" is the national food of Iran. |
| John: That is charcoal-roasted minced beef or lamb with roasted tomato and rice and saffron. |
| Mehrnaz: Here is an old idiom, کم بخور همیشه بخور. |
| John: Which means, "Eat less, eat always.” |
| Mehrnaz: In other words, you should stop eating a few bites before you feel totally full to ensure good health. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mehrnaz: برنج [natural native speed] |
| John: rice |
| Mehrnaz: برنج[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: برنج [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: باشه [natural native speed] |
| John: ok |
| Mehrnaz: باشه[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: باشه [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: گران [natural native speed] |
| John: expensive |
| Mehrnaz: گران[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: گران [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: بس بودن [natural native speed] |
| John: to be enough |
| Mehrnaz: بس بودن[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: بس بودن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: برای اطمینان [natural native speed] |
| John: to ensure |
| Mehrnaz: برای اطمینان[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: برای اطمینان [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: آوردن [natural native speed] |
| John: to bring |
| Mehrnaz: آوردن[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: آوردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: تاریخ انقضا [natural native speed] |
| John: expiration date |
| Mehrnaz: تاریخ انقضا[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: تاریخ انقضا [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: شیر [natural native speed] |
| John: milk |
| Mehrnaz: شیر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: شیر [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Mehrnaz: به جای [natural native speed] |
| John: instead of |
| Mehrnaz: به جای[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: به جای [natural native speed] |
| John: And last.. |
| Mehrnaz: بیشتر [natural native speed] |
| John: more |
| Mehrnaz: بیشتر[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: بیشتر [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mehrnaz: باشه |
| John: meaning "Ok" |
| Mehrnaz: Literally, باشه, baashe means "so be it.” We use باشه, baashe ("Ok") whenever we want to show that we agree on a matter with others. It is used exactly as “Ok” is used in English. We also use the international word “OK” in normal conversation. |
| John: Can you give us an example using the Persian word? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say.. باشه من هم میام. |
| John: ..which means "Okay, I'm coming too." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: برای اطمینان |
| John: meaning "to ensure" |
| Mehrnaz: Let’s break this phrase down: برای اطمینان, baraay-e etminaan, is "to make sure", برای, baraaye, means "for," اطمینان, etminaan, "making sure.” |
| John: This phrase is used whenever we want to emphasize the security of a matter. It can be insurance for a tangible thing, like a car, or a non-tangible thing, like someone’s health. Mehrnaz, can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say.. برای اطمینان پول کافی در سفر همراه داشته باشید |
| John: .. which means "Just make sure to have enough money with you when traveling." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about the imperative form. |
| Mehrnaz: The imperative form is made from the subjunctive form, with the difference being the ending for the second person singular is omitted. |
| John: In Persian, all six person pronouns have an imperative form. How is the present form created? |
| Mehrnaz: It is made by adding بِ, be to the present stem of the verb. |
| John: Could you give us an example? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. The present stem of نوشتن, nevestan, “to write” is نویس, nevis, “write.” So the imperative in the present tense is formed like this: بِ, Be + نویس, nevis + a personal ending |
| John: Let’s conjugate the verb “to write” for all six person pronouns |
| Mehrnaz: First we have بنویسم |
| John: meaning “I may write” |
| Mehrnaz: the second person singular is بنویس |
| John: meaning “Write!” |
| Mehrnaz: بنویسد |
| John: “He (She) may write.” |
| Mehrnaz: بنویسیم |
| John: “We may write.” |
| Mehrnaz: بنویسید |
| John: “You may write.” |
| Mehrnaz: بنویسند |
| John: “They may write.” |
| Mehrnaz: Here are some sample sentences نام خود را بنویس. |
| John: which means, “Write your name.” |
| Mehrnaz: من باید یک کتاب بنویسم. |
| John: “I must write a book.” How about the negative forms? |
| Mehrnaz: The negative form of present subjunctive (and consequently, present imperative) is made by replacing بِ, be- with نَ, na-. |
| John: Could you give us some sample sentences? |
| Mehrnaz: نام خود را ننویس. |
| John: meaning “Do not write your name.” |
| Mehrnaz: اینقدر شیرینی جات نخور! |
| John: “Don’t eat this many sweets!” |
| Mehrnaz: Remember that when we use an auxiliary verb like باید baayad, which means “should,” “must,” or “have to,” the main verb’s subjunctive form is used. And for negating, we add na to باید and it changes to نباید. For example, من نباید بهش (به او) زنگ بزنم! |
| John: which means “I shouldn’t call him.” |
| Mehrnaz: سارا نباید انقدر بازی کنه (کند). |
| John: “Sarah shouldn’t be playing this much!” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خداحافظ (khodaahaafez). |
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