Learn how to use preposition constructions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi, everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 14 - Everyday Family Dramas in Iran. John here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about preposition construction. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Mrs. Milani, Sima, and Jamshid. |
| John: The speakers are family members; therefore, they’ll speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| خانم میلانی: سیما جان چقدر بگم (بگویم) جورابات رو (جوراب‌هایت را) زیر تخت ننداز (نینداز). |
| سیما: مامان من چقدر بگم (بگویم) برام (برایم) یه (یک) سبد بگیر. |
| خانم میلانی: رفتیم خرید یادم بیار(بیاور). |
| سیما: چشم. |
| خانم میلانی: این کتابا (کتاب ها) رو از روی زمین جمع کن. |
| سیما: هنوز کارم تموم نشده (نشده است). |
| خانم میلانی: جمشید، خواهش میکنم دیگه(دیگر) تو اتاق سیگار نکش. |
| جمشید: من همیشه میرم تو بالکن. |
| خانم میلانی: فقط یادت باشه در بالکن رو (را) خوب ببند. |
| جمشید: چشم خواهر جان. |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| خانم میلانی: سیما جان چقدر بگم (بگویم) جورابات رو (جوراب‌هایت را) زیر تخت ننداز (نینداز). |
| سیما: مامان من چقدر بگم (بگویم) برام (برایم) یه (یک) سبد بگیر. |
| خانم میلانی: رفتیم خرید یادم بیار(بیاور). |
| سیما: چشم. |
| خانم میلانی: این کتابا (کتاب ها) رو از روی زمین جمع کن. |
| سیما: هنوز کارم تموم نشده (نشده است). |
| خانم میلانی: جمشید، خواهش میکنم دیگه(دیگر) تو اتاق سیگار نکش. |
| جمشید: من همیشه میرم تو بالکن. |
| خانم میلانی: فقط یادت باشه در بالکن رو (را) خوب ببند. |
| جمشید: چشم خواهر جان. |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Mrs. Milani: Sima, honey, how many times should I tell you not to throw your socks under the bed? |
| Sima: Mom, how many times should I tell you to buy me a basket? |
| Mrs. Milani: If we go shopping, remind me. |
| Sima: Sure. |
| Mrs. Milani: Pick up these books off the floor. |
| Sima: I'm not done yet. |
| Mrs. Milani: Jamshid, please don't smoke in the room anymore. |
| Jamshid: I always go to the balcony. |
| Mrs. Milani: Just remember to shut the door to the balcony. |
| Jamshid: Sure, dear sister! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: That sounds like the kind of family conversation you’d hear all around the world. |
| Mehrnaz: It does, doesn’t it? |
| John: What’s family life like in Iran? |
| Mehrnaz: Things have changed. Around 50 to 70 years ago, the extended family would live together in a big house with a yard. |
| John: What do you mean by “extended family?” How extended did it get? |
| Mehrnaz: It would be grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. |
| John: That would have been a lot of people! How is it now? |
| Mehrnaz: In the major cities, such as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Tabriz, most of these houses were destroyed and replaced by big apartment blocks. |
| John: So families living together are now smaller. |
| Mehrnaz: Right. It’s still common for sons and daughters to live with their parents until they get married. |
| John: Is that more likely for daughters? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, it is. Even financially independent, working women will stay with their parents until they get married. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Mehrnaz: کارم تموم نشده [natural native speed] |
| John: I'm not done |
| Mehrnaz: کارم تموم نشده [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کارم تموم نشده [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: سبد [natural native speed] |
| John: basket |
| Mehrnaz: سبد [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: سبد [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: زمین [natural native speed] |
| John: floor (ground) |
| Mehrnaz: زمین [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: زمین [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: سیگار کشیدن [natural native speed] |
| John: to smoke |
| Mehrnaz: سیگار کشیدن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: سیگار کشیدن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: در را خوب بستن [natural native speed] |
| John: to shut the door up |
| Mehrnaz: در را خوب بستن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: در را خوب بستن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: بالکن [natural native speed] |
| John: balcony |
| Mehrnaz: بالکن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: بالکن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: دیگر [natural native speed] |
| John: anymore |
| Mehrnaz: دیگر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دیگر [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: چشم [natural native speed] |
| John: sure |
| Mehrnaz: چشم [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: چشم [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: از روی زمین جمع کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: to pick up (something) off the floor (or ground). |
| Mehrnaz: از روی زمین جمع کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: از روی زمین جمع کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش میکنم [natural native speed] |
| John: please |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش میکنم [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش میکنم [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش میکنم |
| John: meaning "please, I beg, you’re welcome." When do you use this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: You can use it at the start of the sentence when you have a favor that you politely want to ask. |
| John: Can you break the phrase down for us? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. خواهش means “request” or “begging.” می کنم is “I do,” but in this case, it means “please.” |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, خواهش میکنم بمون (بمان)! |
| John: ...which means "I beg you, stay!" |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mehrnaz: چشم |
| John: meaning "sure." This isn’t the literal meaning though, is it? |
| Mehrnaz: No. چشم means “eye.” This meaning comes from the longer phrase به روی چشم |
| John: Which means “upon your eyes.” |
| Mehrnaz: So by saying this, you're putting the asker's request “upon your eyes.” It shows that you care about the speaker and respect them. |
| John: So it’s used as a token of respect and politeness. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s right. It’s formal but can be used in situations that are only slightly formal too. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, چشم مادرم! |
| John: ...which means "Sure my mother!" |
| Mehrnaz: There’s another similar honorific phrase: قدم کسی روی چشم کسی (دیگر) بودن |
| John: Which literally means “to step on the eyes,” implying "they are welcome (to a house)." |
| Mehrnaz: Right. Ghadam, قدم, means "step," "foot." You can say this phrase to your guest, as in قدمتون روی چشم |
| John: By saying this, you mean that you're respecting and welcoming your guests. |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about preposition construction. Mehrnaz, how do prepositions work in Persian? |
| Mehrnaz: Prepositions precede the indirect object of the sentence. The direct object, on the other hand, is always followed by را, raa |
| John: How are they constructed? |
| Mehrnaz: Some take the ezaafeh construction, such as برای. |
| John: This means “for,” “to,” and “in order to.” When is this construction used? |
| Mehrnaz: It’s mainly used in three cases. |
| John: The first is possession. |
| Mehrnaz: For example, خواهر مریم. |
| John: “Maryam’s sister.” The second case is to modify nouns. |
| Mehrnaz: Such as کتاب خوب, meaning “good book.” |
| John: The third case is to connect people, titles, places, days, seasons, and their names. |
| Mehrnaz: For example, آقای یاسری |
| John: “Mr. Yaseri.” There’s a list of the most commonly used prepositions in Persian in the lesson notes. |
| Mehrnaz: Examples are به and برای |
| John: “To” and “for,” respectively. Can you give us an example? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. با مادرم به فروشگاه رفتم. |
| John: “I went to the shop with my mother.” Next, let’s look at some different word endings. |
| Mehrnaz: When a word ends in a consonant, the ezaafeh is pronounced but not written. |
| John: What about with words that end in vowels? |
| Mehrnaz: The short -e sound becomes a -ye sound. In these cases, the ezaafeh is always pronounced and usually written. |
| John: Let’s hear some examples. |
| Mehrnaz: دانشجوی سال دوم |
| John: “Sophomore.” |
| Mehrnaz: جای پارک |
| John: “Parking spot.” |
| Mehrnaz: But, if a word ends in the short vowel designated by the letter heh do-cheshm, then ezaafeh may be marked in two ways. |
| John: What’s the first way? |
| Mehrnaz: In the past, a hamze was added on top of the final heh, but you can omit it. For example, هفتهٔ بعد |
| John: “Next week.” Okay, what’s the second way? |
| Mehrnaz: Recently, the letter ی is used in place of the hamzeh. |
| John: This can be left out of informal writing, without changing the meaning of the word. Let’s hear an example. |
| Mehrnaz: Just remember that in writing, you can omit the hamze. نامه ی بلندی نوشت. |
| John: “He wrote a long letter.” |
| Mehrnaz: Here’s another example, خانهٔ مادربزرگم را بسیار دوست داشتم |
| John: “I liked my grandmother’s house very much.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خدا حافظ(khodahafez) |
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