Learn how to use possessive and objective endings
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi, everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 15 - Are You a Good Persian Note-Taker? John here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about possessive and objective endings. The conversation takes place at a university campus. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Hoda and Jamshid. |
| John: The speakers are classmates; therefore, they’ll speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| جمشید: میشه (می شود) دفترفیزیکت رو (را) بهم (به من) قرض بدی (بدهی)؟ |
| هدی: تا کی لازمش داری؟ |
| جمشید: تا فردا بعد ازظهر. فقط میخوام (می خواهم) ازش (از آن) کپی بگیرم. |
| هدی: میتونی (می توانی) شنبه بیاریش ( بیاوریش) ؟ من فردا نمیام (نمی آیم). |
| جمشید: باشه. |
| هدی: یادت نره (نرود) شنبه بیاریش ( بیاوریش) مریمم (مریم هم) میخواد (می خواهد) کپی بگیره (بگیرد). |
| جمشید: میخوای(می خواهی) دو سری کپی بگیرم؟ |
| هدی: چه خوب دستت درد نکنه (نکند). |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| جمشید: میشه (می شود) دفترفیزیکت رو (را) بهم (به من) قرض بدی (بدهی)؟ |
| هدی: تا کی لازمش داری؟ |
| جمشید: تا فردا بعد ازظهر. فقط میخوام (می خواهم) ازش (از آن) کپی بگیرم. |
| هدی: میتونی (می توانی) شنبه بیاریش ( بیاوریش) ؟ من فردا نمیام (نمی آیم). |
| جمشید: باشه. |
| هدی: یادت نره (نرود) شنبه بیاریش ( بیاوریش) مریمم (مریم هم) میخواد (می خواهد) کپی بگیره (بگیرد). |
| جمشید: میخوای(می خواهی) دو سری کپی بگیرم؟ |
| هدی: چه خوب دستت درد نکنه (نکند). |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Jamshid: Can you lend me your physics notebook? |
| Hoda: Until when do you need it? |
| Jamshid: Until tomorrow afternoon. I just want to make a copy of it. |
| Hoda: Can you bring it on Saturday? I don't come tomorrow. |
| Jamshid: Ok. |
| Hoda: Don't forget to bring it Saturday! Maryam wants to make a copy too. |
| Jamshid: Do you want me to make two copies? |
| Hoda: How nice. Thanks. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: I remember a few conversations like that when I was at university. |
| Mehrnaz: Really? Were you the one that had the textbook and notes, or the one that needed them from others? |
| John: The latter! |
| Mehrnaz: I thought so. In Iranian universities, it’s pretty common for there to be a couple of students that take really good notes. |
| John: And I’m sure they’re really popular with all of the other students. |
| Mehrnaz: Of course! |
| John: Does the typical Iranian student study hard? |
| Mehrnaz: I think that it’s quite common for students to only start studying the week before an exam. |
| John: Why start earlier when you can just cram it all in one week? What’s the grading system like? |
| Mehrnaz: Students are given a score out of twenty, and you need at least ten to pass. |
| John: Does last minute cramming work? |
| Mehrnaz: Usually it’s enough to pass if your notes are good enough, or if you at least got a good copy. |
| John: Is there an equivalent for the English term “bookworm?” |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, in Persian we say خرخون. This is made up of two parts: khar plus khoon. Khar means "donkey" and is the symbol of hard and long work. Khoon is the colloquial form of khaan. This is the subjunctive stem of the verb khaandan, meaning "to read." |
| John: So this word is used to refer to a student who studies a lot. |
| Mehrnaz: Right! |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: دفتر [natural native speed] |
| John: notebook |
| Mehrnaz: دفتر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دفتر [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: لازم داشتن [natural native speed] |
| John: to need |
| Mehrnaz: لازم داشتن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: لازم داشتن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: بعد از ظهر [natural native speed] |
| John: afternoon |
| Mehrnaz: بعد از ظهر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: بعد از ظهر [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: کپی گرفتن [natural native speed] |
| John: to make a copy |
| Mehrnaz: کپی گرفتن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کپی گرفتن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: آوردن [natural native speed] |
| John: to bring |
| Mehrnaz: آوردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: آوردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: خواستن [natural native speed] |
| John: to want |
| Mehrnaz: خواستن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: خواستن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: دستت درد نکنه (نکند). [natural native speed] |
| John: thanks |
| Mehrnaz: دستت درد نکنه (نکند). [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دستت درد نکنه (نکند). [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: سری [natural native speed] |
| John: series (as numerator for copies) |
| Mehrnaz: سری [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: سری [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: فردا [natural native speed] |
| John: tomorrow |
| Mehrnaz: فردا [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: فردا [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: شنبه [natural native speed] |
| John: Saturday |
| Mehrnaz: شنبه [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: شنبه [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Mehrnaz: دستت درد نکنه(نکند) |
| John: meaning "thanks.” Can you break this phrase down for us? |
| Mehrnaz: The sentence is literally “I hope your hand is without pain.” |
| John: But it’s used as a way of saying “thanks.” |
| Mehrnaz: Yes. You can use it in informal settings. It’s more sincere than ممنونم |
| John: That also means “thanks.” What can you say in a slightly more formal setting? |
| Mehrnaz: You can use the personal ending for the second person plural, as in دستتون درد نکنه. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, دستتون درد نکنه برای گلابیا (گلابی ها)! |
| John: ...which means "Thank you for the pears!" |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mehrnaz: شنبه |
| John: meaning "Saturday." What are weekdays called in Persian? |
| Mehrnaz: Except for Friday, all weekdays have شنبه in them. |
| John: How do they differ from “Saturday,” which is just that word on its own? |
| Mehrnaz: You add a number at the beginning. “Saturday” is the start of the week, so day one is “Sunday.” We say this as یکشنبه |
| John: Which is the Persian for “one” and “Saturday.” |
| Mehrnaz: Yes. This pattern goes through the week. The only exception is “Friday,” which is jom'e. |
| John: Can you give us an example using “Saturday?” |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, شنبه مدرسه باز میشه (می شود)! |
| John: ...which means "School opens Saturday!" |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: کپی گرفتن |
| John: meaning "to make a copy." This is a verb phrase. |
| Mehrnaz: The first part, kopi, is a loanword from English. The second part is gerftan. |
| John: This means “to take” or “to catch.” |
| Mehrnaz: Sometimes, there are Persian words for loanwords, but you can usually only see them in formal correspondence. |
| John: They’re not very common. What’s the Persian for “copy?” |
| Mehrnaz: It’s roo gereft or roo nevesht. |
| John: Can you give us an example using the loanword? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, از این صفحه یه (یک) کپی می گیرم. |
| John: ...which means "I'll make a copy of this page." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about possessive and objective endings. In Persian, possession is often expressed by adding a suffix to a noun. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s right. The same suffixes are used as object pronouns. |
| John: What case are these in? |
| Mehrnaz: With verbs, these endings are used in objective case. With nouns, they’re used to construct the possessive case. |
| John: Okay, let’s check out a couple. What’s “my?” |
| Mehrnaz: م, in both written and spoken form. “Your” is ت in written form and ت in spoken form. |
| John: How about “his, hers, its?” |
| Mehrnaz: In written form, that’s ش. In spoken form, it’s ش. |
| John: There are more examples in the lesson notes. For now, let’s check out some sentences. |
| Mehrnaz: بردمش. |
| John: “I took it.” This is in the objective case. |
| Mehrnaz: برادرم از من بزرگتر است. |
| John: “My brother is older than me.” Here, a possessive determiner is used to construct the possessive case. Now, you may have noticed in Mehrnaz’s examples that most of the possessive determiners have different written and spoken forms. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes. Only the first person singular “my” doesn’t change. |
| John: Let’s compare a couple of sentences. The sentence is “Did you pack your luggage?” Mehrnaz, can you first give us the written Persian and then the spoken Persian, so our listeners can hear the difference? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. چمدانت را بستی؟ is written, and چمدونتو بستی؟ is the spoken form. |
| John: Let’s hear one more example. This time the sentence is “I want my wallet.” |
| Mehrnaz: The written version is کیف پولم را میخواهم. The spoken is کیف پولمو میخوام. As you may have noticed from both examples, the short a sound changes to -e-, and the long aa sound changes to -oo-. Again, only the first person singular doesn’t change. |
| John: Listeners, please remember that saying the written version sounds unnatural. |
| Mehrnaz: Another difference is that the object marker را (raa) is reduced to رو (ro), and in some cases و (o). |
| John: You’ll master this by listening to native speakers. And soon you’ll realize that it really eases the pronunciation of words. Now let’s see another small topic. |
| Mehrnaz: Words ending in -aa or -oo. |
| John: What should we remember? |
| Mehernaz: When the word to which the pronoun personal endings are added ends in ا (alef) or و (vaav), then ی (ye, y) is inserted for ease of pronunciation. |
| John: Are there any other changes? |
| Mehrnaz: With the plural marker haa, it’s also common to drop -ya/-ye. |
| John: Do you have an example of this? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. “My feet” in written form is پاهایم, but in spoken form, it’s reduced to پاهام. |
| John: Can you give us an example, using this phrase? |
| Mehernaz: پاهام (پاهایم) درد می کنن (می کنند). |
| John: meaning “My feet hurt.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خدا حافظ(khodahafez) |
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