Learn how to use the past perfect
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi, everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 16 - Going Book Shopping in Iran. John here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn the past perfect. The conversation takes place at a university campus. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Hoda and Fariba. |
| John: The speakers are classmates; therefore, they’ll speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| فریبا: کتابای (کتاب‌های) ترم سوم رو (را) خریدی؟ |
| هدی:نه، هنوز وقت نکردم برم (بروم) کتابفروشی. بهت (به تو) گفته بودم که سرم شلوغه (شلوغ است). |
| فریبا: پس بیا چهارشنبه با هم بریم (برویم). |
| هدی: چهارشنبه نمیتونم (نمی توانم) بیام. کلاس آخرم دیروقت تموم (تمام) میشه (می شود). |
| فریبا: پنجشنبه چطور؟ |
| هدی: پنجشنبه خوبه (خوب است)، ساعت چند و کجا همدیگرو (همدیگر را) ببینیم؟ |
| فریبا: ساعت ۲ بعد از ظهر جلوی در دانشگاه. |
| هدی: باشه، حتماً میام (می‌آیم). |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| فریبا: کتابای (کتاب‌های) ترم سوم رو (را) خریدی؟ |
| هدی:نه، هنوز وقت نکردم برم (بروم) کتابفروشی. بهت (به تو) گفته بودم که سرم شلوغه (شلوغ است). |
| فریبا: پس بیا چهارشنبه با هم بریم (برویم). |
| هدی: چهارشنبه نمیتونم (نمی توانم) بیام. کلاس آخرم دیروقت تموم (تمام) میشه (می شود). |
| فریبا: پنجشنبه چطور؟ |
| هدی: پنجشنبه خوبه (خوب است)، ساعت چند و کجا همدیگرو (همدیگر را) ببینیم؟ |
| فریبا: ساعت ۲ بعد از ظهر جلوی در دانشگاه. |
| هدی: باشه، حتماً میام (می‌آیم). |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Fariba: Did you buy the third term's books? |
| Hoda: No, I haven't had time to go to the bookstore yet. I had told you I was busy. |
| Fariba: Then, let's go together on Wednesday. |
| Hoda: I can't go on Wednesday. My last class finishes late in the evening. |
| Fariba: How about Thursday? |
| Hoda: Thursday is cool. What time and where shall we see each other? |
| Fariba: At two in the afternoon, in front of the university gate. |
| Hoda: Okay, I will definitely go. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: You always need books if you’re a university student. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s right. Although I guess a lot of students get their information online, too. |
| John: Yes, but finding things online isn’t as much fun as finding things in books. |
| Mehrnaz: You think so? |
| John: I do! |
| Mehrnaz: Then I think you would love the Tehran International Book Fair. |
| John: It sounds nice... Can you tell me about it? |
| Mehrnaz: It’s held every May and lasts for 10 days. |
| John: That’s a long time! What kind of books can you get there? |
| Mehrnaz: You can get books from domestic and international publishers. You can also find books in several languages. |
| John: Is it a good place for students to go? |
| Mehrnaz: Definitely, as students get discounts and coupons. |
| John: What’s the Persian for “book fair?” |
| Mehrnaz: نمایشگاه کتاب |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: ترم [natural native speed] |
| John: term |
| Mehrnaz: ترم [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: ترم [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: کتابفروشی [natural native speed] |
| John: bookstore |
| Mehrnaz: کتابفروشی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کتابفروشی [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: خوب [natural native speed] |
| John: cool |
| Mehrnaz: خوب [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: خوب [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: با هم [natural native speed] |
| John: together |
| Mehrnaz: با هم [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: با هم [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: دیروقت [natural native speed] |
| John: late (in the evening) |
| Mehrnaz: دیروقت [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دیروقت [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: وقت کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: to get around to |
| Mehrnaz: وقت کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: وقت کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: تمام شدن [natural native speed] |
| John: to finish |
| Mehrnaz: تمام شدن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: تمام شدن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: ساعت چند؟ [natural native speed] |
| John: what time |
| Mehrnaz: ساعت چند؟ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: ساعت چند؟ [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: کجا [natural native speed] |
| John: where |
| Mehrnaz: کجا [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کجا [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: همدیگر [natural native speed] |
| John: each other |
| Mehrnaz: همدیگر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: همدیگر [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Mehrnaz: دیروقت |
| John: meaning "late (in the evening).” Can you break this phrase down for us? |
| Mehrnaz: دیر is “late”, and وقت is “time.” |
| John: It literally means “late time.” |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, and we use it to refer to a late time at night. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, دیروقت برگشت. |
| John: ...which means "He/she was back late." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: ساعت چند؟ |
| John: meaning "what time." Can you break this phrase down for us too? |
| Mehrnaz: The first word is ساعت, meaning “watch,” “clock,” or “time.” The second word is چند |
| John: Which means “how much” or “how many.” |
| Mehrnaz: This is a colloquial, informal phrase. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, پروازت ساعت چنده (چند است)؟ |
| John: ...which means "What time's your flight?" |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: همدیگر |
| John: meaning "each other, one another." What can you tell us about the words in this one? |
| Mehrnaz: First, هم is a preposition with several meanings, but it refers to another person. |
| John: What’s the other word? |
| Mehrnaz: It’s دیگر . |
| John: This means “other” or “another.” |
| Mehrnaz: You can also use همدیگه , which is the colloquial form. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, با همدیگه (همدیگر) حرف زدیم. |
| John: ...which means "We talked to each other." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about the past perfect. How do we make the past perfect in Persian? |
| Mehrnaz: You add the past simple of the auxiliary verb "to be" to the past participle. The stress falls on the last syllable of the participle. |
| John: Can you give us an example? |
| Mehrnaz: In رفته بودم (rafte boodam), boodam is the past simple of the verb “to be.” Rafteh is the past participle of the verb “to go.” |
| John: The Persian past participle is used in similar situations to the English past participle. How do you make this tense negative? |
| Mehrnaz: You just add prefix na- to the base verb |
| John: Okay. Let’s hear some examples. |
| Mehrnaz: رفته بودی |
| John: “You had gone.” |
| Mehrnaz: رفته بودند |
| John: “They had gone.” |
| Mehrnaz: شنیده بودم |
| John: “I had heard.” |
| Mehrnaz: شنیده بودیم |
| John: “We had heard.” And some longer sentences please? |
| Mehrnaz: گربه روی صندلی نشسته بود. |
| John: “The cat had sat on the chair.” |
| Mehrnaz: سال قبل به ونیز آمده بود |
| John: “She had come to Venice last year.” Are there differences between the spoken and written forms? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, there are. Some examples are changing aa to oo, a to e, a to o, and o to oo. |
| John: Okay. Again, let’s hear this in action. We’ll compare “you had read.” |
| Mehrnaz: In written Persian, it’s خوانده بودید. In spoken Persian, it’s خونده بودین. |
| John: How about “they had broken?” |
| Mehrnaz: Written is شکسته بودند, and spoken is شکسته بودن. |
| John: We’ll hear one last comparison, but this time in a full sentence. “You had brought us sweets.” |
| Mehrnaz: The written version is برایمان کلوچه آورده بودید. The spoken version is برامون کلوچه آورده بودین. |
| John: Thanks for that! |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خدا حافظ(khodaahaafez) |
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