Learn how to use the present perfect tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1, Lesson 8 - Does Your Iranian Office Need an Upgrade? John here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the present perfect tense. The conversation takes place at an office. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Mr. Ahmadi and Mrs. Milani. |
| John: The speakers are co-workers; therefore, they’ll speak formal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| آقای احمدی: مدیریت بودجه خوبی برای تغییر دکوراسیون اختصاص داده (است). |
| خانم میلانی: من فکر می‌کنم اول از همه باید صندلیای (صندلیهای) راهروی طبقه اول رو (را) عوض کنن (کنند). |
| آقای احمدی: میز اتاق کنفرانس طبقه سوم ترک زیاد داره (دارد). |
| خانم میلانی: کاغذ دیواریای (دیواریهای) واحد مهندسی خیلی کهنه شدن (شده اند). |
| آقای احمدی: باید یک (یه) آب سرد کن نو برای طبقه دوم بگیرن (بگیرند). |
| خانم میلانی: پنجره های طبقه پنجم سایبون (سایبان) لازم دارن (دارند). |
| آقای احمدی: پرده های طبقه چهارم رو (را) هم باید عوض کرد. |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| آقای احمدی: مدیریت بودجه خوبی برای تغییر دکوراسیون اختصاص داده (است). |
| خانم میلانی: من فکر می‌کنم اول از همه باید صندلیای (صندلیهای) راهروی طبقه اول رو (را) عوض کنن (کنند). |
| آقای احمدی: میز اتاق کنفرانس طبقه سوم ترک زیاد داره (دارد). |
| خانم میلانی: کاغذ دیواریای (دیواریهای) واحد مهندسی خیلی کهنه شدن (شده اند). |
| آقای احمدی: باید یک (یه) آب سرد کن نو برای طبقه دوم بگیرن (بگیرند). |
| خانم میلانی: پنجره های طبقه پنجم سایبون (سایبان) لازم دارن (دارند). |
| آقای احمدی: پرده های طبقه چهارم رو (را) هم باید عوض کرد. |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: Management has allocated a decent budget for the makeover. |
| Mrs. Milani: I think first of all, they should change the chairs in the first floor lobby. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: The table in the third floor conference room has many cracks. |
| Mrs. Milani: The wallpaper in the engineering unit is very old. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: They should get a new water cooler for the second floor. |
| Mrs. Milani: Windows on the fifth floor need outdoor shades. |
| Mr. Ahmadi: Curtains of the fourth floor should be changed. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: That’s a long list of things they want to change. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, I get the impression they could have carried on for hours. |
| John: Me too! I’m sure there are lots of businesses and industries in Iran, but one place that’s always good to work for is in the government offices. |
| Mehrnaz: It’s especially good in Iran, as most industries are owned by the government. |
| John: What kind of things does the government own? |
| Mehrnaz: Electricity, water, oil, gas… Even things such as cars and bicycles are produced by government-owned companies. |
| John: There are private companies too though, right? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, there are private companies, such as some famous Persian rug manufacturers and pistachio producing companies. |
| John: Are there any companies that are partly government-owned and partly private? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, some pharmaceutical companies and travel companies are jointly owned. |
| John: If you’re foreign, can you get a job with these companies? |
| Mehrnaz: There aren’t really any restrictions when it comes to nationality; it just depends on the job. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: مدیریت [natural native speed] |
| John: management |
| Mehrnaz: مدیریت[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: مدیریت [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: تغییر دکوراسیون [natural native speed] |
| John: makeover |
| Mehrnaz: تغییر دکوراسیون[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: تغییر دکوراسیون [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: اختصاص دادن [natural native speed] |
| John: to allocate |
| Mehrnaz: اختصاص دادن[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: اختصاص دادن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: ترک [natural native speed] |
| John: crack |
| Mehrnaz: ترک[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: ترک [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: کاغذ دیواری [natural native speed] |
| John: wallpaper |
| Mehrnaz: کاغذ دیواری[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کاغذ دیواری [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: آب سرد کن [natural native speed] |
| John: water cooler |
| Mehrnaz: آب سرد کن[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: آب سرد کن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: سایبان [natural native speed] |
| John: outdoor shade, sunshade |
| Mehrnaz: سایبان[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: سایبان [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: اول از همه [natural native speed] |
| John: first of all |
| Mehrnaz: اول از همه[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: اول از همه [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Mehrnaz: تغییر دکوراسیون |
| John: meaning "remodeling, changing the decoration." Can you break this phrase down for us? |
| Mehrnaz: The words are taghir meaning "change," and dekoraasioon meaning "decoration." |
| John: So, “changing the decoration.” |
| Mehrnaz: Yes. You can use this whenever you want to talk about redecorating. |
| John: I noticed that the Persian word for “decoration” sounds very familiar. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, dekoraasioon is another French loanword. Also, taghir comes from Arabic. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, من خانه ام را تغییر دکوراسیون داده ام. |
| John: ...which means "I have remodeled my house." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: اول از همه |
| John: Meaning "First of all." What can you tell us about this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: It is aval, meaning "first," followed by az, meaning "of," and finally hameh. |
| John: That means “all.” So, “first of all.” |
| Mehrnaz: You can use this to talk about an action or event that happened before others. |
| John: When can you use this? |
| Mehrnaz: It can be used in formal and informal, written and spoken Persian. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, اول از همه باید درست را تمام کنی. |
| John: ...which means "First of all, you should finish your studies." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about the present perfect tense. First, how do we say “present perfect tense” in Persian? |
| Mehrnaz: ماضی نقلی |
| John: And how do we make the present perfect tense? |
| Mehrnaz: You use the past tense of the verb in third person form and add ه. You then also need the right personal ending. |
| John: This ending depends on whether the subject is singular or plural, or first, second or third person. So for example, using the word “give,” how do we say “I have given?” |
| Mehrnaz: داده ام |
| John: And “you have given?” where the “you” is singular. |
| Mehrnaz: داده ای. Could you hear that the ending was different? |
| John: Yes! There’s a table with all the different variations in the lesson notes, so please check it out. Now, we’ll hear some sentence examples. |
| Mehrnaz: شما کاغذ دیواریها را عوض کرده اید. |
| John: “You have changed the wallpaper.” |
| Mehrnaz: من به آنها اجازه رفتن داده ام. |
| John: “I have given them permission to go.” Is there any difference in the present perfect tense used in writing and the type that is spoken? |
| Mehrnaz: Actually no, there isn’t. However, some people use the past tense when speaking. Although this isn’t correct, it’s accepted and fine to use. |
| John: So be aware of that when you listen to native speakers speak. Okay, can we have an example of this spoken present perfect tense? |
| Mehrnaz: For example, instead of رفته اند, you may hear رفتند |
| John: Meaning “They have gone.” Listeners, check the lesson notes to compare more forms. |
| Mehrnaz: In Persian, there’s no perfect participle. Instead, we have the past participle, which we need to construct the present perfect tense. |
| John: How do we make the past participle? |
| Mehrnaz: By adding ه to the past stem of the verb, whether the verb is simple, complex, or compound. |
| John: This is always in third person singular form, so it doesn’t conjugate. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, but you still add the personal endings. |
| John: Okay. Let’s hear some examples. |
| Mehrnaz: او کتاب را دیده |
| John: “He has seen the book.” |
| Mehrnaz: آن پسر رفته |
| John: “That boy has gone.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خدا حافظ (khodaahaafez). |
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