Learn how to quote someone's speech
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 17 - Getting Nervous Before a Persian Exam. John Here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam) I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about direct and indirect speech. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Shadi and Hassan. |
| John: The speakers are family members, therefore, they will speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| شادی: من نمیام (نمی‌آیم) مهمونی (مهمانی) عموی‌اینا. |
| حسن: دیروز گفتی میای (می آیی) که! |
| شادی: فردا امتحان دارم. فکر میکردم برسم تا امشب تموم (تمام) کنم ولی هنوز یک کم از دوره ام مونده (مانده است). اگر بیام (بیایم) همش دلشوره امتحانمو (امتحانم را) دارم. |
| حسن: خب بیا ولی زود برگرد. |
| شادی: نمی تونم (نمی توانم). |
| حسن: نیای (نیایی) عموت‌اینا ناراحت میشن (می‌شوند)! زن عموت (عمویت) گفت می‌خواد (می‌خواهد) برات (برایت) سوپی که دوست داری بپزه (بپزد)! |
| شادی: اگر بیام ممکنه (ممکن است) امتحانمو (امتحانم را) خراب کنم. |
| حسن: خوب کتاب و جزوه هاتو (هایت را) بیار (بیاور) اونجا (آنجا) درس بخون (بخوان). |
| شادی: بابا تو (در) اون (آن) شلوغی کی (چه کسی) میتونه (می تواند) درس بخونه (بخواند)؟ |
| حسن: باشه هرجور راحتی! ولی خودت زنگ بزن به زن عموت (عمویت) و بهش (به او) بگو نمیای (نمی آیی)! |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Shadi: I'm not going to Uncle's party. |
| Hassan: But yesterday you said you would go! |
| Shadi: I've got a test tomorrow. I thought I would be finished (studying for the test) by then, but I've got a bit of review left to do. If I went, I'd be all anxious for my test. |
| Hassan: Well, come in but go back early. |
| Shadi: I can't. |
| Hassan: If you didn't show up, your uncle and aunt would be upset! Your aunt said she was going to make you the soup that you like! |
| Shadi: If I went, I might mess up my test. |
| Hassan: Well, bring along your textbooks and notes and study there. |
| Shadi: Dad, who can study in such a noisy place? |
| Hassan: Ok, suit yourself! But you (yourself) should call your aunt and tell her you're not going! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Shadi was really trying to get out of that family party. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s understandable with an exam coming up. |
| John: I think so too, but I don’t think Hassan did! |
| Mehrnaz: It’s really difficult to get out of attending family parties in Iran. |
| John: That was definitely evident in the conversation! Shadi finally managed it due to the exam. |
| Mehrnaz: If you’re not a student and don’t have an exam, it’s a lot more difficult. |
| John: When are visits to relatives most expected? |
| Mehrnaz: At new year. If you’re not away, then you’ll be expected to visit your family. |
| John: If you are away, would you be expected to visit them when you come back? |
| Mehrnaz: Eventually, yes. |
| John: What are family gatherings like? |
| Mehrnaz: There’s often a lot of gossip and backbiting, which I don’t like. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: دوره [natural native speed] |
| John: "review" |
| Mehrnaz: دوره [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دوره [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: دلشوره داشتن [natural native speed] |
| John: "to be anxious" |
| Mehrnaz: دلشوره داشتن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دلشوره داشتن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: مانده [natural native speed] |
| John: "left" |
| Mehrnaz: مانده [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: مانده [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: جزوه [natural native speed] |
| John: "material (notes)" |
| Mehrnaz: جزوه [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: جزوه [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: خراب کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: "to mess up" |
| Mehrnaz: خراب کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: خراب کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: شلوغی [natural native speed] |
| John: "a noisy place" |
| Mehrnaz: شلوغی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: شلوغی [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: هرجور راحتی [natural native speed] |
| John:"suit yourself" |
| Mehrnaz: هرجور راحتی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: هرجور راحتی [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: خراب کردن |
| John: meaning "to mess up." |
| John: This is a phrase. |
| Mehrnaz: First is خراب (khraab), meaning "spoiled, broken, bad" plus کردن (kardan) |
| John: That means "to make, to do." It literally means "to make something bad." |
| Mehrnaz: It can be used in many different ways. |
| John: In the conversation, it means "to mess up a test." |
| Mehrnaz: The intransitive form of this verb is خراب شدن, (kharaab shodan) "to get destroyed." |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... مصاحبه امو (مصاحبه ام را) خراب کردم. |
| John: ...which means "I messed up my interview." |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mehrnaz: هرجور راحتی |
| John: meaning "suit yourself." |
| John: This is another phrase. |
| Mehrnaz: First is هر (har), meaning "each, any, every" plus جور, (joor). |
| John: That means "sort, kind." The next part means "convenient, comfortable, easy." |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, that’s راحت. (raahat). Then finally is ی (i). |
| John: That is the colloquial version of "to be," conjugated into second person singular in present tense. |
| Mehrnaz: A similar phrase is هر طور راحتی (har tor raahati). |
| John: "Have it your way!" Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... خیلی خوب، هر جور راحتی! |
| John: ... which means "All right, suit yourself!" |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about direct and indirect speech. First, let’s just quickly clarify what we mean by direct and indirect speech. Direct speech is when we quote exactly what someone has said. |
| Mehrnaz: For example, مریم گفت: "امسال تابستون (تابستان) می خوام (می خواهم) برم (بروم) سوییس." Maryam goft: “emsaal tabestoon (taabestaan) mikhaam (mikhaaham) beram (beravam) sooyis.” |
| John: "Maryam said: ‘I’m going to Switzerland this summer.’" |
| Mehrnaz: It’s not much different to how it works in English. |
| John: Indirect speech is more common in daily conversations though. You might have to make a few changes to things such as the tense. For example, you might have to change simple present tense to simple past tense. |
| Mehrnaz: From رضا گفت: "سردمه!" (rezaa goft: “sardame!”) |
| John: "Reza said ‘I’m cold!’" That was simple present tense. To the changed, simple past tense is... |
| Mehrnaz: رضا گفت سردش بود. (rezaa goft (ke) sardeshe.) |
| John: "Reza said that he was cold." Another example is from present continuous... |
| Mehrnaz: بابا گفت: "دارم پیاده میام (می آیم) خونه (خانه)." (baabaa goft “daaram piyaade miyaam (mi-aayam) khoone (khaane).”) |
| John: "Dad said ‘I’m walking home.’" To past continuous. |
| Mehrnaz: بابا گفت (که) داشت پیاده میومد (می آمد) خونه (خانه). (baabaa goft (ke) daasht piyaade miyoomad (mi-aayad) khoone (khaane).) |
| John: "Dad said (that) he was walking home." Yet another example is changing present perfect simple... |
| Mehrnaz: Such as معلما گفتن (معلم ها گفتند): "ما از سال ۲۰۱۲ به این مدرسه ملحق شدیم (شده ایم)." (mo’allemaa goftan (mo’allem-haa goftand): “maa az saal-e do hezaar-o davaazdah be in madrese molhaq shodim (shode-im).) |
| John: "Teachers said: ‘We joined the school in 2012.’" To past perfect tense. |
| Mehrnaz: معلما گفتن (معلم ها گفتند) (که) "اونا (آن ها) از سال ۲۰۱۲ به این مدرسه ملحق شده بودن (بودند)." (mo’allemaa goftan (mo’allem-haa goftand) (ke) oonaa (aan haa) az saal-e do hezaar-o davaazdah be in madrese molhaq shode boodan (boodand).) |
| John: "Teachers said they'd joined the school in 2012." There are a couple more examples in the lesson notes, so make sure you check them out! |
| Mehrnaz: Next, I want to introduce the colloquial اینا (inaa). |
| John: There isn’t a way of translating this directly into English, but it’s a way of pluralizing the word before it. |
| Mehrnaz: You might hear it in examples like these - مامانم اینا or مامانمینا (maamaanaminaa), or بابا اینا (baabaa ina) |
| John: They both mean "your parents." |
| Mehrnaz: It’s a vague way to talk about someone or their family. |
| John: Let’s hear a couple of example sentences. |
| Mehrnaz: امشب حامدینا برای شام میان اینجا (می آیند). (emshab haamedinaa baraay-e shaam miyaan.) |
| John: "Tonight, Hamed and his wife (for example) are coming over for dinner." |
| Mehrnaz: پارسال مامانتینا ما رو (را) دعوت نکردن (نکردند). (paarsaal maamaanetinaa maar-o (maa raa) da’vat nakardan (nakardand). ) |
| John: "Last year, your parents (mom and dad) didn’t invite us." |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خداحافظ (khodaahaafez) |
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