Learn how to give a definition of a word
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 21 - Learning Arabic Loanwords in Persian. John Here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam) I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about loanwords from Arabic. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Shermine, the daughter, and Hassan, the father. |
| John: The speakers are family members, therefore, they will speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| شرمینه: امروز از جلوی یه (یک) دانشگاهی رد شدم. اسمش دانشگاه شاهد بود. شاهد معنی خاصی داره (دارد)؟ |
| حسن: بله. بسته به محتوای جمله معانی مختلفیم داره (مختلفی هم دارد). |
| شرمینه: بذارین (بگذارین) لغت‌نامه‌ای رو (را) که بهم کادو داده بودین (بودید) بیارم (بیاورم). |
| حسن: فکر خوبیه (خوبی است). می‌تونیم (می‌توانیم) یک کم با هم فارسی تمرین کنیم. |
| شرمینه: اولین معنی که براش (برایش) تعریف شده "گواه" ه (گواه است). "گواه" به چه معنیه (معنی است)؟ |
| حسن: گواه کسیه (کسی است) که تو (در) دادگاه درباره یه (یک) موضوع شهادت می‌ده (می دهد). |
| شرمینه: شاهد شهادت می‌دهد. درسته (درست است)؟ |
| حسن: دقیقاً. یه (یک) عبارت هست که ممکنه (ممکن است) تو (در) اخبار بشنوی یا تو (در) روزنامه بهش برخورد کنی؛ شاهد عینی. معنی متداول بعدی "شهید" ه. |
| شرمینه: کسی که تو (در) جنگ جونشو (جانش را) از دست می‌ده (می‌دهد). |
| حسن: هر کسی که جونشو (جانش را) در راه اعتقادش می‌ده (می‌دهد).اسم اون (آن) دانشگاهی که دیدی مربوط به این معنی می‌شه (می‌شود). |
| شرمینه: نوشته در قدیم به معنای معشوق و محبوب هم بوده (است). |
| حسن: بله. تو (در) ادبیات ایران این کلمه رو (را) زیاد می‌بینی. شاعرا (شاعران) به معشوقشون (معشوقشان) که زن زیبارویی بوده شاهد می‌گفتن (می‌گقتند). |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Shermine: Today I passed by a university. It was called "Shahed University." Does it have a particular meaning? |
| Hassan: Yes. Depending on the context, it has different meanings as well. |
| Shermine: Let me bring the dictionary you'd given me as a present. |
| Hassan: Sounds good! We can practice Persian a bit together. |
| Shermine: The first meaning that's defined for it is govaah. What does govaah mean? |
| Hassan: Govaah is a person who testifies about a subject in court. |
| Shermine: A testifier testifies. Right? |
| Hassan: Exactly. There's a phrase that you may hear on the news or encounter in the newspaper; "eyewitness." The next common meaning is "martyr." |
| Shermine: One who loses his (or her) life in a war. |
| Hassan: Anyone who gives his (or her) life for a belief. The name of the university you saw is related to this meaning. |
| Shermine: It says, in the past, it meant a lover or beloved too. |
| Hassan: Yes. In Iran's literature you see this word a lot. Poets would call their beloved who was a beautiful woman shaahed. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Wow, we had a bit of a Persian etymology lesson in the conversation there! |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, there are many Persian words that have a rich history and many meanings. |
| John: One of the meanings that jumped out to me was "martyr." |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, that’s an interesting word, and an important one. |
| John: Why is it important? |
| Mehrnaz: We need to speak a little about the Iran-Iraq war. It lasted for eight years. |
| John: That’s a long war. How many casualties were there? |
| Mehrnaz: There’s debates over that, but there are many families of the martyrs that are still suffering because of it. |
| John: How is it still affecting families in this day and age? |
| Mehrnaz: Families who lost relatives in the war are offered loans, and seats at universities. |
| John: Is there a charity or foundation looking after these families? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, the foundation is called بنیاد شهید و امور ایثارگران (bonyaad-e shahid va omoor-e isaargaraan) or بنیاد شهید (bonyaad shahid) for short, |
| John: which means "Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans." |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: معانی [natural native speed] |
| John: "meanings" |
| Mehrnaz: معانی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: معانی [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: بسته به [natural native speed] |
| John: "depending on" |
| Mehrnaz: بسته به [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: بسته به [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: لغت‌نامه [natural native speed] |
| John: "dictionary" |
| Mehrnaz: لغت‌نامه [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: لغت‌نامه [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: تمرین کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: "to practice" |
| Mehrnaz: تمرین کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: تمرین کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: تعریف کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: "to define" |
| Mehrnaz: تعریف کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: تعریف کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: دادگاه [natural native speed] |
| John: "court" |
| Mehrnaz: دادگاه [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دادگاه [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: شهادت دادن [natural native speed] |
| John: "to testify" |
| Mehrnaz: شهادت دادن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: شهادت دادن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: برخورد کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: "to encounter" |
| Mehrnaz: برخورد کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: برخورد کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: معشوق [natural native speed] |
| John: "lover" |
| Mehrnaz: معشوق [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: معشوق [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: نوشته [natural native speed] |
| John: "it says" |
| Mehrnaz: نوشته [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: نوشته [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Mehrnaz: جان خود را دادن |
| John: meaning "to give one's life, to die." |
| John: This is a verb phrase. |
| Mehrnaz: First is جان (jaan), meaning "life", followed by the ezaafeh. Then خود (khod), |
| John: That means "oneself, one." Next is the direct object marker. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, را (raa). Finally is دادن (daadan). |
| John: This means "to give." |
| Mehrnaz: There is a shorter version of this phrase - جان دادن (jaan daadan). |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... جان خود را در راه وطنش داد. |
| John: ...which means "He gave away his life for his home country." |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mehrnaz: برخورد کردن |
| John: meaning "to encounter." |
| John: This is another verb phrase. |
| Mehrnaz: First is برخورد (barkhord), meaning "encounter, meeting, collision" and then کردن (kardan). |
| John: This means "to do, to make." |
| Mehrnaz: A casual version of this phrase is دیدن (didan). |
| John: That means "to see, to come across." Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... تو (در) این کتاب به لغتای (لغت‌های) فرانسوی زیادی برخورد می‌کنی. |
| John: ... which means "In this book, you'll encounter a lot of French words." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about loanwords from Arabic. There are many loanwords in Arabic. They’ve gone through some transformations, and some even have different meanings now. |
| Mehrnaz: There are also words that have kept their meaning, but are written differently, like مصیبت (mosibat) |
| John: "calamity." There are also Arabic words that are not used in Persian, but their equivalent in Persian is an Arabic word. |
| Mehrnaz: For example, مصادر (masaader), "sources" is منابع (manaabe’) in Persian. |
| John: Some words in Arabic have different functions, and might even have opposite meanings in Persian. |
| Mehrnaz: For example, عکس (a’ks) means "opposite" in Arabic, but in Persian it means "picture." |
| John: Are these Arabic loanwords commonly used in Persian? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, but in recent years there has been a push to use original Persian words. پارسی (فارسی) را پاس بداریم. (paarsi (faarsi) raa paas bedaarim) |
| John: That means "Let’s preserve the Persian (language)." |
| Mehrnaz: It hasn’t been very successful so far though! |
| John: Many words in Persian share the same roots. By knowing these roots, you can guess what the words mean. Let’s look at an example. |
| Mehrnaz: One of the first words you probably learned in Persian is کتاب (ketaab), "book." The root of this word is کتب. (Kataba). |
| John: Other words that share this root will also be related to books somehow. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, such as کتابخانه (ketaabkhaane) |
| John: "bookshelf, library" |
| Mehrnaz: کتبی (katbi) |
| John: "writing" |
| Mehrnaz: کاتب (kaateb) |
| John: "scribe." So you can see how all of those words are related. |
| Mehrnaz: Another example is the root کشف (kashafa). |
| John: All words involved with this are related to discovery in some way. |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, such as کشف (kashf) |
| John: "discovery" |
| Mehrnaz: کشف کردن (kashf kardan) |
| John: "to discover" |
| Mehrnaz: اکتشاف (ekteshaaf) |
| John: "exploration" |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خداحافظ (khodaahaafez) |
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