Learn how to ask for clarification and additional explanation, and about irregular plural nouns
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 5 - Explaining Religious Concepts in Persian. John Here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam) I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about irregular plural nouns. The conversation takes place at a cafe. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Shadi and Hassan. |
| John: The speakers are friends, therefore, they will speak Persian informally. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| حسن: امروز برای ما نذری آوردن (آوردند). |
| شادی: نذری چیه (چیست)؟ |
| حسن: نذری غذاییه (غذایی است) که معمولاً تو (در) مناسبتای (مناسبت‌های) مذهبی می‌پزن (می‌پزند) و بین مردم پخش میکنن (می‌دهند). |
| شادی: منظورت از مناسبت مذهبی چیه (چیست)؟ |
| حسن: مناسبت مذهبی تو (در) ایران سالروز تولد یا مرگ یه (یک) شخصیت مذهبیه (مذهبی است). از روی احترامم (احترام هم) به جا ی تولد از ولادت و به جای مرگ از رحلت یا شهادت استفاده می کنیم. خیلیا (خیلی ها) تو (در) ماه رمضون (رمضان) نذرشونو ادا میکنن (نذرشان را ادا می کنند). |
| شادی: معنی "ادا کردن" رو (را) نمی‌دونم (نمی‌دانم). |
| حسن: فکر کنم بهتر باشه (باشد) مفهوم نذر رو (نذر را) برات (برایت) توضیح بدم (بدهم). وقتی یه مسلمون (یک مسلمان) از خدا تقاضایی داشته باشه (باشد) به خدا قول میده (میدهد) که اگه (اگر) خدا خواهشش رو (خواهشش را) برآورده کنه (کند) اونم (او هم) درعوض با انجام یه (یک) کار خیر از خدا سپاسگزاری می‌کنه (می‌کند). به عبارت دیکه (دیگر) نذرش رو (نذرش را) ادا می‌کنه (می‌کند). |
| شادی: پس معنیش (معنی اش) به "عمل کردن به قول" نزدیکه (نزدیک است)؟ |
| حسن: دقیقاً! کلاً نذر مفهموم مشترکی بین فرهنگ و ادیان مختلفه (مختلف است). |
| شادی: پس کمک به یه (یک) خیریه یا کار داوطلبانه هم می‌تونه (می‌تواند) نظر محسوب بشه (بشود). |
| حسن: چرا که نه؟ |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation: |
| Hassan: Today we got Nazri. |
| Shadi: What's Nazri? |
| Hassan: Nazri is the food that is usually cooked and distributed among people on religious occasions. |
| Shadi: What do you mean by "religious occasion"? |
| Hassan: A religious occasion is the birth or death anniversary of a religious figure. Also, out of respect, we use "nativity" instead of "birth" and "demise" or "martyrdom" instead of "death." Many fulfill their Nazr in the month of Ramadan. |
| Shadi: I don't know the meaning of "fulfill." |
| Hassan: I guess it's better that I explain the concept of Nazr to you. Once a Muslim makes a request to God, they promise to God that if God grants the favor, in return, they'll thank God by doing a good deed. In other words, they fulfill their Nazr. |
| Shadi: So, its meaning is very close to "delivering one's promise"? |
| Hassan: Exactly! In general, Nazr is a common concept among different cultures and religions. |
| Shadi: So helping a charity or volunteer work can be considered as Nazr. |
| Hassan: Why not? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: There were some interesting concepts spoken about in the dialogue, so let’s hear a little more about them. |
| Mehrnaz: Okay. Like all over the world, in Iran, many people have wishes. |
| John: Of course they do. Sometimes, we’re lucky enough to have them come true, too. |
| Mehrnaz: Right. And when they do in Iran, people donate money or make Nazri food. |
| John: Who is the money donated to? |
| Mehrnaz: Often to charities, especially ones that support children or serious diseases. |
| John: And what is Nazri food? |
| Mehrnaz: There are many different kinds. One of the more popular is gheymeh. |
| John: What is that? |
| Mehrnaz: It’s a type of stew made with meat, tomatoes, split peas, onion and dried lemon. |
| John: Sounds delicious! |
| Mehrnaz: It’s usually served during the sacred month of Muharram, and is served with fried potato and rice. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: مناسبت [natural native speed] |
| John: occasion |
| Mehrnaz: مناسبت [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: مناسبت [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: به عبارت دیگر [natural native speed] |
| John: in other words |
| Mehrnaz: به عبارت دیگر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: به عبارت دیگر [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: از روی [natural native speed] |
| John: out of |
| Mehrnaz: از روی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: از روی [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: رحلت [natural native speed] |
| John: demise |
| Mehrnaz: رحلت [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: رحلت [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: ادا کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: to fulfill |
| Mehrnaz: ادا کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: ادا کردن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: توضیح دادن [natural native speed] |
| John: to explain |
| Mehrnaz: توضیح دادن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: توضیح دادن [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: تقاضا [natural native speed] |
| John: request |
| Mehrnaz: تقاضا [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: تقاضا [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش [natural native speed] |
| John: favor |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: خواهش [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: درعوض [natural native speed] |
| John: in return |
| Mehrnaz: درعوض [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: درعوض [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: ادیان [natural native speed] |
| John: religions |
| Mehrnaz: ادیان [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: ادیان [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: درعوض |
| John: meaning "in return." |
| John: This is a phrase. |
| Mehrnaz: It consists of در, meaning "in" and then عوض. |
| John: This is an Arabic word that means "exchange." |
| Mehrnaz: You can use this to talk about reciprocating a favor. |
| John: Are there other ways to say this? |
| Mehrnaz: Yes, a more casual way is به جای. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... در عوض اتاقتو (اتاقت را) برات (برایت) مرتب می کنم. |
| John: ...which means "I'll clean up your room in return." |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mehrnaz: به عبارت دیگر |
| John: meaning "in other words." |
| John: This is a phrase, too. |
| Mehrnaz: The first word is به, meaning "in," plus عبارت. |
| John: This means "phrase, expression, or wording." |
| Mehrnaz: Last, is دیگر. |
| John: This means "other." |
| Merhnaz: This is a rather formal phrase. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... به عبارت دیگر، این بحث بی نتیجه است. |
| John: ... which means "In other words, this argument is futile." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about irregular plural nouns. First though, let’s quickly discuss loan words. Speakers of Persian, Arabic, and Turkish have always been interacting, so the languages have influenced each other. |
| Mehrnaz: There are several Arabic words in Persian, but they have generally lost their original meaning and pronunciation. |
| John: How do we tell these loan words? |
| Mehrnaz: Words containing ع, ث (se) , ح (he), ط (taa), ظ (zaa) , ض (zaad) , ذ (zaal) , and ق (ghaaf) are words with Arabic origin. There are a few exceptions to this. |
| John: Now, onto plural nouns. Persian words with Arabic origin are different to regular Persian words. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s right. Regular Persian words are made plural by adding ها at the end. Or, sometimes ان. |
| John: But, Arabic loan words are different. They are split into two types. The first type is regular |
| Mehrnaz: سالم |
| John: and the second is irregular |
| Mehrnaz: مکسر |
| John: There are no rules for the irregular nouns, and you just have to learn them via exposure. Let’s hear a couple of examples. Mehrnaz will tell us first the singular, and then the plural. |
| Mehrnaz: فکر and افکار |
| John: "thought" and "thoughts." |
| Mehrnaz: مکان and اماکن |
| John: "place" and "places." |
| Mehrnaz: مسئله and مسائل |
| John: "problem" and "problems." There are many more examples in the lesson notes. |
| Mehrnaz: There’s many of them, so please make sure to check them out. |
| John: Let’s finish by quickly reviewing conditionals. |
| Mehrnaz: You need to know the subjunctive form of verbs for this. |
| John: We covered those in the beginners series, Lesson 9. |
| Mehrnaz: Also, in spoken Persian, we almost always use the present tense to talk about the future. |
| John: So the verbs in the clause are in present subjunctive form. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s right, for example ااگر خوب درس بخونی (بخوانی)، حتماً تو (در) آزمون قبول می‌شی (می‌شوی)! |
| John: "If you study well, you’ll pass the exam." Let’s have one more example. |
| Mehrnaz: اگه (اگر) فردا بارون (باران) بیاد (بیاید)، کنسرت کنسل می‌شه (می‌شود)! |
| John: "If it rains tomorrow, the concert will be canceled." |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خدا حافظ (khodahafez) |
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